Copyright © 2007 Somalilandlaw.com. All rights reserved

  The Somaliland legal profession is still influenced by the structures set up in the days of the union with Somalia and continues to consist of two separate branches - Advocates and notaries.  As Somaliland regains its legal links with common law countries, specialy in East and Southern Africa, the extent of this  bifurcation is very much likely to be revised. 

The Law on Advocates (Law No: 85 of 21 October 1975) which set up a roll of advocates held at the then Supreme Court, made advocates a law graduate profession and stopped the use of  unqualified “wakiils” (agents) as court representatives.  The Roll was mainitained by a Committee headed by the President of the Supreme Court. Typical of the laws passed under the Siyad Barre dictatorship, the law set up a “co-operative” for the advocates; there was a condition that to be an advocate, one must “believe in the principles of the Revolution”  and the confidentiality of lawyer-client relationsip was subject to “any information that may concern the national security and national unity”

Prior to 1975, the Somaliland legal profession was governed by  the Legal Practitioners’ Rules Ordinance No: 44 of 1957 ( and that of Somalia was covered by Law No: 21 of 27 June 1958).

So far as notaries were concerned, the main  law covering their work and qualifications was the Notaries Ordinance (Legislative Decree No: 1 of 2 March 1962). 

The Somaliland legal profession is now governed by the following two recent laws:

1.   Somaliland Advocates’ Law - Law No: 30  of 2004 - This has been a very controversial law and many of the advocates opposed it. The Law sets up an Admission and Disciplinary Council which deals with applications, annual renewal and discipline of advocates and is very much controlled by the Minister of Justice who nominates the Chair of the Council and has in the Council two staff members of his Ministry.  The Council includes  two advocates nominated by their Association,  a Supreme Court judge and two parliamentarians chosen from amongst the  Law Committees of the two Houses of Parliament.  The Secretay of the Council is a senior staff member of the Ministry of Justice.  Critics have pointed out that even in the 1975 Somalia Advocates Law, the Chair of the Registration Council was the Chairman of the Supreme Court and the remaining members of the Council were the Chairman of the advocates’ Co-operative, the Attorney General, the Chief State Counsel, and Senior staff member of the Minsitry  of Justice (Article 5) . 

Another major criticism of this Law is that, under Article 2(2), no one who is a member of Parliament or a member of local authority or in the cabinet can be given a licence to practise as an advocate.  This has undertandably drawn considerable condemenation from one practicising lawyer who is currently a member of the House of Representatives.

Advocates undertake all legal work, other than that which falls within the functions of a notary.  There are three practice annual licences issued under this Law to advocates who, unless exempt, have  passed the Advocates examination and have the following qualifications:

a) General Advocate who can practice in all the courts of the land, civil or criminal: Must be a law graduate or someone with 5 years experience as a judge at a regional or higher court

b) Criminal Bar Advocate who can practice only in the criminal courts at all levels: Must have 5 years experience as a judge, prosecutor or advocate.

c) Sharia Advocate who can practice only in Sharia suits and/or appeals: Must be a  Sharia graduate or have equivalent knowledge or have worked as a district court judge.

2.   Somaliland Notaries Law - Law No: 18 of  2001-  Notaries draw up all legal documents including contracts for sale, and various court documents. A Notary must hold either a law degree or have 5 years legal experience and must be aged 30 years or more. A Notary cannot be an advocate, at the same time.

 Xeerka Qareenada  (Xeer No. 30/2004)

  Somaliland Advocates’ Law (Law No: 30/2004)

  Golaha Wakiilada JSL

 Markuu Arkay:      Qodobka 27aad iyo 28aad ee Dastuurka JSL.

 Markuu Darsay:    mashruuc-sharciga Qareenada ee Xukuumaddu u soo gudbisay.

 Markuu Ku Qancay:    baahidda loo qabo xeer lagu maamulo qareenada iyo mihnadooda.

 Markuu tixgeliyay:      soo jeedimaha iyo talooyinka uruka qareenada iyo Wasaaradda Cadaaladda.

 Wuxuu soo saaray Xeerkan:

 QAYBTA 1AAD

 Qodobka Iaad:

Qeexid

“Markamad” Waxaa loola jeedaa Maxkamada caadiga ah & Maxkamada Ciidamada ee JSL.

“Maxkamadaha Hoose”  Waxaa loola jeedaa Maxkamadaha Degmooyinka     Gobolada& Racfaanka

“Maxakamada Sare” Waxaa loola jeeda Maxkamada Sare ee JSL.

“Wasaaradda” Waxaa loola jeedaa Wasaaradda Cadaaladda

“Wasiirka” Waxaa loola jeedaa Wasiirka Cadaaladda

“Qareen”Waxaa loola jeedaa Garyaqaanka ka diiwaangashan Wasaaradda Cadaaladda oo ku shaqeysta Mihnada Qareenimada.

“Mihnad Qareenimo”Waxaa loola jeedaa ku shaqeysiga Aqoonta shrci, Nidaaminta habeynta iyo ku doodista arrimaha sharciga.

“Igmade”Waxaa loola jeedaa qofka u igmanayaa Qareen inuu u fuliyo hawl sharciyeed

“Qof” Waxaa loola jeedaa cid kasta oo leh qofnimo Dabiiciya ama qofnimo qaanuuniya

“Diiwaan Qareen”Waxaa loola jeedaa diiwaanadda lagu qoro laguna kaydiyo Magacyada & arrimaha la xidhiidha ee qareenada Ruqsada Ka haysta Wasaaradda Cadaalad

“Ruqsad” Waxaa loola jeeda Xeerka Wasiirka Wasaaradda Cadaaladu Ku soo saaro ogolaanshaha ku shaqeysiga mihnada qareenimo

“Guddi” Waxaa loola jeedaa Guddiga  ruqsad bixinta iyo anshaxmarinta qareenada ee xeerkani tilmaamayo.

“Laalis”  Waxaa loola jeedaa in la tirtiro ku shaqeysiga ruqsada qareenimo gebi ahaanba.

“Hakin” Waxaa loola jeedaa in ruqsada qareenimo wakhti cayiman laga joojiyo qareenka ku shaqeysigeeda.

“Urur”  Waxa loola jeedaa uruka qareenada ee ay samaystaan muwaadiniinta ku shaqaysta mihnadda qareenimo, si waafaqsan xeerkan.

 Qaybta  IIaad.

RUQSADA IYO DIIWAANGELINTA QAREENADDA

 Qodobka 2aad.

1.      Qofna kuma shaqeysan karo mihnad Qareenimo isagoon Ruqsad ka haysan Guddiga ruqsad bixinta & anshax marinta  qareenada ee xeerkani tilmaamyo.

2.     Qofna lama siin karo ruqsad qareenimo, haddii uu ka tirsan yahay golayaasha qaranka (Guurtida, Wasiirada & Wakiilada), golayaasha degaanada, shaqaalaha dawladda & ciidamada.

 Qodobka 3aad

3       Qofka codsanaya ruqsad Qareenimo,wuxuu codsigiisa ku soo hagaajinayaa Guddiga ruqsad bixinta & anshax marinta, isagoo ku soo lifaaqaya cadeymaha xirfadiisa aqooneed, ee ku xusan qodobka 6aad, 7aad, 8aad, ee xeerkan.

4       Codsaduhu waa inuu bixiyaa khidmada isu-diiwaangelinta Imtixaanka qareeenimada.

5       Haddii Guddigu ku qanacdo in codsaduhu buuxinayo shuruudaha waxay ka qaadanayaan imtixaan la xidhiidha mihnada qareenimo muddo 21 cisho gudahood ah, waxayna natiijada imtixaanka ugu gudbinayaan Wasiirka cadaaladda muddo 7 cisho gudahood ah.

6       Haddiise Guddigu aragto inaanu buuxinayn codsaduhu shuruudaha imtixaanka waxaa loo celinayaa codsigiisa.

 Qodobka 4aad

1.     Hadii codsaduhu ku dhaco imtixaanka guddiga, codsi labaad ma soo qoran karo mudo hal sano ah, khidmadii isu diiwaangelinta imtixaankana looma celonayo.

2.     Wasiirka Wasaaradda Cadaaladdu markuu helo natiijada Imtixaanka wuxuu ku soo saarayaa ogolaanshaha ruqsada qareenimo Xeer Wasiir ugu badnaan 14 cisho gudahood

3.     Qareenka waxaa ku waajib ah inuu bixinayo cashuurta ruqsada qareenimada (issuance of license fee) iyo cashuuraha kale ee xeer ku waajibiyay, waxana la gelinayaa diiwaanka qareenada. 

 Qodobka 5aad

NOOCYADDA RUQSADAHA QAREENIMADA

ruqsadaha qareenimadu waxay u qaybsamayaan sadex nooc oo kala ah:

1. Ruqsada Qareen Guud.
2. Ruqsada Qareen Ciqaabeed.
3. Ruqsada Qareen Shareeco.

 Qodobka 6aad

RUQSADA QAREEN GUUD

Ruqsada Qareen Guud waxaa la siinayaa qofka buuxiya shuruudahan:-

a.      Waa inuu yahay muwaadin Somaliland u dhashay.

b.     Waa inaan dadiisu 25 sano ka yareyn.

c.      Waa inuu Maskaxda ka fayow yahay.

d.    Waa inaanu hore ugu dhicin xukun ciqaabeed oo kama dambays ah oo maxkamad horteed kaga cadaaday shantii sanno ee u dambaysay.

e.    Waa inuu haystaa shahaado Jaamacadeed ama machad sharci oo dalka laga aqoon san yahay ama waa inuu Garsoore kaga soo shaqeeyay Maxkamad Gobol,Racfaan ama Maxkamad Sare  muddo aan ka yareyn shan sano

f.      Waa inuu ka gudbaa Imtixaanka guddiga

 Qodobka 7aad

RUQSADA QAREEN CIQAABEED.

Ruqsada qareen dacwad ciqaabeed waxaa la siinayaa qofka buuxiya shuruudahan:-

a.      Waa inuu yahay muwaadin Somaliland u dhashay.

b.     Waa inaan dadiisu 25 sano ka yareyn.

c.      Waa inuu Maskaxda ka fayow yahay.

d.     Waa inaanu hore ugu dhicin xukun ciqaabeed oo kama dambays ah oo maxkamad horteed kaga cadaaday shantii sanno ee u dambeeyay.

e.      Waa inuu ku soo shaqeeyay Xeer Ilaaliye, Doode ama Garsoore, Maxkamad Ciidan muddo aan ka yareyn 5 sano.

f.       Waa inuu ka gudbaa imtixaanka guddiga.

 Qodobka 8aad

RUQSAD QAREEN SHAREECO

Ruqsad Qareen Shareeco waxaa la siinayaa qofka buuxiya shuruudahan:-

1. Waa inuu yahay muwaadin u dhashay Somaliland.
2. Waa in aan da’diisu ka yareyn 25 sano.
3. Waa inuu maskaxda ka fayaw yahay.
4. Waa in  aanu hore ugu dhicin xukun ciqaabeed oo kama dambays ah oo maxkamad horteed kaga cadaaday shantii sanno ee u dambaysay. 
5. Waa inuu haystaa shahaado jaamacad shareeco oo la aqoonsan yahay ama aqoon u dhiganta ama ku soo shaqeeyay garsoore Maxkamad Degmo.
6. Waa inuu ka gudbaa imtixaanka guddiga.

 Qodobka 9aad

Garyaqaanka haysta shadaado jaamacadeed ee sharci kuna soo shaqeeyay muddo aan ka yareyn shan sano Xeer Ilaaliye Guud, Garsoore Maxkamad Sare, Maxkamad Racfaan, ama Bare Jaamacad sharci ee soo codsada mihnada Qareenimoo loogama baahna inuu galo imtixaanka ku xusan qodobka 4aad ee xeerkan, waxaana toos loo siinayaa ruqsad qareen guud.

 Qodobka 10aad

XADKA RUQSADAHA QAREENADA

1.      Qareen guud waxaa u banaan inuu galo dhamaan dacwadaha kala duwan ee darajo kasta oo maxkmadeed.

2.     Qareen Ciqaaneed, wuxuu gali kara dacwadaha ciqaabta ee dhamaan darejooyinka Maxkamadaha.

3.     Qareen Shareeco, wuxuu gali karaan dacwadaha shareecada iyo Racfaanadooda.

4.     Ma banaana Qareen inuu gallo dacwad ka dacwad ka duwan ta uu ruqsada u haysto.

 Qodobka 11aad

CUSBOONEYSIINTA RUQSADA QARREENIMO.

1.     Liisanka Ruqsada qareenimada waxaa la cusbooneysiinayaa sanadkasta Bilowgiisa.

2.     Qareenku wuxuu ku bixinayaa cashuurta cusbooneysiinta Wasaarada Maaliyada, ka dibna wuxuu jiwanka lacag bixinta imanayaa Wasaarad Cadaaladda si ruqsadiisa logu cusbooneysiiyo.

 Qodobka 12aad

SOO CELINTA RUQSADA QAREENIMO.

1.      Qareen kastaa wuxuu Wasaarada ugu soo celinayaa ruqsadiisa si kumeel gaadh ah ama rasmi ah hadii uu galayo hawl aan la socon Karin ku   shaqeysiga mihnadiisa qareenimo.

2.     Qareenka ku soo celiya ruqsada si waafaqsan farqada 1aad ee qodobkan dib ayuu ka qaadanayaa ruqsadiisa markay ka dhamaato hawshii uu u soo celiyay.

 Qodobka 13aad

ANSHAXMARINTA

Talaabooyinka anshaxmarinta ee soo socda, waxa awood u leh Guddiga ruqsad-bixinta & anshax marinta, waxana fulinaya Wasiirka Cadaaladda, marka uu helo go’aanka guddiga.

1. In dignin qoraal ah la siiyo
2. In la saaro ganaax aan ka badneyn 3,000,000SL. Sh ah
3. In laga hakiyo ruqsada mudo aan ka badneyn 1 sano.
4. In laga laalo ruqsad gabi ahaan.

 Qodobka 14aad

HAKINTA IYO LAALISTA RUQSADA QAREENIMO.

1.      Ruqsad qareenimo waxaa lagu laali karaa sababahan awgood :-

a.     Marka ay burto shuruud ka mid ah shuruudihii lagu siiyay.

b.    Markay cadaato inuu ruqsada ku helay khiyaamo ama been abuur.

c.     Markay cadaato inuu ruqsada ku shaqeystay iyadoo laga hakiyay.

2.     Ruqsad qarenimo waxa lagu hakin karaa sababahan awgood:

a. Hadday cadaato inuu galay dacwad aan ahayn kuwii ruqsada loo siiyay.

b. haddii ruqsadda cusboonaysiin waayo muddo 2 sano ah, ama uu si hufan isaga bixin waayo  cashuurta ku waajibtay.

3.     anshax-marinta xeerkani tilmaamayo waxaa ka go’aan qaadanaya guddiga, haddii aanu fal dambiyeed culus ahayn. Kaas oo ay waajin tahay in guddigu u gudbiyo hay’adaha sharciga si loo horgeeyo maxkamadda awooda u leh.

 Qodobka 15aad

Awoodaha Wasaaradda Cadaaladda

Wasaarada Cadaaladdu waxay leedahay awooda fulinta go’aanada Guddiga Ruqsad-bixinta iyo anshaxmarinta ay ka gaadhaan arrimaha anshax-marinta, diiwaangelinta iyo ruqsad-bixinta. Waxa kale oo ay Wasaaraddu awood u leedahay cusboonaysiinta ruqsadaha qareenada, markay soo dhamaystiraan shuruudaha cusboonaysiinta ee xeerkani tilmaamay.

 Qodobka 16aad

Guddiga Ruqsad-bixinta & anshax-marinta Qareenada

1.      Guddigu waxay ka kooban yihiin todoba xubnood, oo kala ah:

1. Laba xubnood oo Wasaaradda Cadaaladda ah oo uu magacaabo Wasiirku labadii sanoba mar.
2. Laba xubnood oo uruka qareenadu soo magacaabo labadii sanaba mar.
3. Hal garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadda sare oo Gudoomiyaha Maxkamada Sare magcaabo.
4. Laba Xubnood oo guddiga shuruucda ee labada Gole Baarlaman, oo ay soo magacaabayaan shirgudoonka labada Gole labadii sanoba mar.

2.     Gudoomiyaha Gudigga waxa magacaabaya Wasiirka Cadaaladda waxanu u magacaabayaa xubin aan ka tirsanayn wasaaradiisa oo guddiga ka mid ah.

3.     shirarka guddigu waxay qabsoomi karaan marka ay ka soo qayb galaan 5 xubnood oo guddiga ka mid ah.

4.     Go’aanadooduna waxay ku meel marayaan cod hal dheeri ah. Haddii tirade codadku is le’ekaato waxa cod dheeraad ah yeelanaya gudoomiyaha.

5.     Xoghayaha Guddigu waa agaasimaha Waaxda Garsoorka ee Wasaaradda Cadaaladda.

6.     Guddigu waxay ku shaqaynayaan xarunta wasaaradda cadaaladda.

7.      Guddiga waxa isugu yeedhi kara Gudoomiyaha Guddiga.

 Qodobka 17aad

Hawlaha & Waajibaadka Guddiga

1.      bixinta rukhsadaha, dejibta, qaadista imtixaanka qareenada, iyagoo natiijadana u gudbinaya Wasiirka Cadaaladda.

2.     inay darsaan, baadhaan, hubiyaan eedaymaha lagu soo oogo qareenada.

3.     inay go’aanadooda anshax-marinta qareenada ay ka gaadhaan u gudbiyaan wasiirka cadaaladda.

 Qodobka 18aad

XILKA & WAAJIBAADKA QAREENADA

1.      Waxaa ku waajiba fulinta iyo ku dhaqanka shuruucda dalka, Xeerkan iyo tilmaamaha lagu fulinayo (Regulation & Provision)

2.     Inuu si daacadnimo iyo xilkasnimo ah ugu shaqeeyo aqoontiisa uguna adeego igmadihiisa.

3.     Inuu si hufan u bixiyo khidmada iyo cashuurta sharciga ku waajibay

 Qodobka 19aad

XUSHMADA QAREENKA.

1.      Qareenku wuxuu ka qaadanayaa adeegyada sharci xushmad ku saleysan Hadba heshiiska dhexmara igmadaha iyo qareenka.

2.     Heshiiska Igmadaha iyo Qaareenka waa Inay ku cadyihiin Macaga Qareenka oo Buux, nooca dacawadda iyo xushmadda.

3.     Heshiiska ku Tilmaan faqradda hore, waa in laga diiwaan geliyo kolba  Maxakamadda dacwaddu khusayso.

 Qodobka 20aad

XUQUUQDA & DHAWRSANAANTA QAREENKA.

1.      Xuquuqda aasaasiga ah ee muwaadinimo ka sakow, wuxuu qareenku  yeelanayaa xuquuqda muhiimada qareenimo

2.     Qarennka lama xidhi karo, lamina xayiri karo hadii aan lagu qaban isagoo danbi culus faraha kula jira ( Flagrance) ama aan ogolaansho laga helin      Guddiga ruqsad bixinta iyo anshax marinta qareenada.

3.     Lama baadhi karo, lamana xayiri karo Xafiiskiisa, Gurigiisa, Qoraaladiisa & xidhiidhkiisa isgaadhsiineed, haddii aan amar sababeysan laga helin Garsooraha gacanta ku haya Dacwada la xidhiidha arrinta la baadhayo.

 Qodobka 21aad

QAREENADA SHISHEEYE.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo shuruudaha Xeerkani qeexayo, Dacwadaha ay dhinac ka yihiin dad ajanebi ah, qareeno shisheeye way uga doodi karaan Maxkamadaha Somaliland hortooda,   oggolaanshahana waxa siinaya Wasaaradda Cadaaladda.

 Qodobka 22aad

Ururka Qareenada

Qareenadu waxay samaysanayaan urur mihnadeedka Qareenada, waxayna ka diiwaangelinayaan Xeer ilaaliyaha Guud, markay dhamaystiraan shuruudaha ururnimo.

 Qodobka 23aad

XEER NIDAAMIYE.

Wasiirka Cadaaladdu wuxuu soo saarayaa Xeer nidaamiye lagu  dhaqangelinyo  Xeerkan.

 Qodobka 24aad

BURIN.

1. Waxaa la buriyay dhamaan xeer kasta oo ka hor imanaya

    ama aan la socon Karin xeerkan

2. Marka xeerkani dhaqangalo waxa buraya dhamaan ruqsadihii qareenimo ee hore u jiray.

 Qodobka 25aad

DHAQAN GAL.

Xeerkani, Wuxuu dhaqangelayaa markuu saxeexo Madaxweynaha JSLand.

 Allah Mahad Leh

 Maxamed Xuseen Cisman

Xoghayaha Guud, G/Wakiilada

Axmed Maxamed Adan

 Gudoomiyaha G/Wakiilada